Infrastructure

The infrastructure of Malaysia is one of the most developed in Asia.^[141] Its telecommunications network is second only to Singapore's in Southeast Asia, with 4.7 million fixed-line subscribers and more than 30 million cellular subscribers.^[142][143] The country has seven international ports, the major one being the Port Klang. There are 200 industrial parks along with specialised parks such as Technology Park Malaysia and Kulim Hi-Tech Park.^[144] Fresh water is available to over 95 per cent of the population. During the colonial period, development was mainly concentrated in economically powerful cities and in areas forming security concerns. Although rural areas have been the focus of great development, they still lag behind areas such as the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia.^[145] The telecommunication network, although strong in urban areas, is less available to the rural population.^[142]

Highway infrastructure in one of East Malaysia cities, Kota Kinabalu.

Malaysia's road network covers 98,721 kilometres (61,342 mi) and includes 1,821 kilometres (1,132 mi) of expressways.^[2] The longest highway of the country, the North-South Expressway, extends over 800 kilometres (497 mi) between the Thai border and Singapore. The road systems in East Malaysia are less developed and of lower quality in comparison to that of Peninsular Malaysia.^[146] Malaysia has 118 airports, of which 38 are paved. The country's official airline is Malaysia Airlines, providing international and domestic air service alongside two other carriers. The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of 1,849 kilometres (1,149 mi).^[2] Relatively inexpensive elevated Light Rail Transit systems are used in some cities, such as Kuala Lumpur.^[147] The Asean Rail Express is a railway service that connects Kuala Lumpur to Bangkok, and is intended to eventually stretch from Singapore to China.^[141]
Traditionally, energy production in Malaysia has been based on oil and natural gas.^[148] The country has 13 GW of electrical generation capacity.^[149] However, the country only has 33 years of natural gas reserves, and 19 years of oil reserves, while the demand for energy is increasing. In response, the government is expanding into renewable energy sources.^[148] Sixteen per cent of electricity generation is hydroelectric, the remaining 84 per cent being thermal.^[149] The oil and gas industry is dominated by state owned Petronas,^[150] and the energy sector as a whole is regulated by the Energy Commission of Malaysia, a statutory commission that governs the energy in the peninsula and Sabah, under the terms of the Electricity Commission Act of 2001.^[151]